The overload chosen by the declared type

• A

  Overloads are chosen at compile time from the declared type; only overriding uses the runtime type

• B

  The Dog overload is only chosen for an exact type match, and Dog extends Animal

• C

  The compiler cannot tell that a holds a Dog, so it picks the safest option

• D

  Method overloading is resolved strictly in declaration order, and Animal happened to be declared first